For ASL (or any sign language users) you can teach Deaf children to read pretty much just like any other bilingual language user. You use their first language (ASL) as a bridge to English, expose them to the language, provide access to reading and writing, and so forth. You can also teach Deaf children to break down words and decode them as a reading strategy.

You can evaluate reading comprehension by having the child re-tell the story to you using their native language – ie: ASL. If they use the wrong sign or an English based sign you can then get them to think about the text and the sign they used and self-evaluate and lead them in the right direction.

That is one huge mistake with using Signed English like they used to and sometimes still do. They'd have the child sign English word for word but the child wouldn't always comprehend what they were reading.

Research has shown that Bilingual education can and is very effective when done right, and Deaf children of Deaf parents who have that early language base in ASL often succeed just as well as hearing children of hearing parents. ASL and being deaf is not what causes deaf children to be behind in reading and writing – lack of early access to meaningful language is.

For non-signers, ie those who are oral, you'd teach probably much like you'd teach a hearing child.

Hope that answered your question…

once the hair cells are damaged they are damaged. there is no magical-medicinal cure for a sensory/ neural hearing loss.

buck up and get your self some hearing aids. if you have a high frequency loss. make sure they have directional microphones and at the very least 8 channels so the audiologist has greater programming ease.